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Ancapi, F B (0) Ex ante analysis of circular built environment policy coherence. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 575–93.

Anderson, B (0) A residential emissions-based carbon levy: city and neighbourhood consequences. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 545–64.

Angel, S (0) Urban expansion: theory, evidence and practice. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 124–38.

Ann Vallis, S, Karvonen, A and Eriksson, E (0) Pandemics and the built environment: A human–building interaction typology. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 158–73.

Baker, H, Moncaster, A, Wilkinson, S J and Remøy, H (0) Demolition or retention of buildings: drivers at the masterplan scale. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 488–506.

Barrie, H, McDougall, K, Miller, K and Faulkner, D (0) The social value of public spaces in mixed-use high-rise buildings. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 669–89.

Bentlin, F (2023) The urban expansion of Berlin, 1862–1900: Hobrecht’s Plan. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 36–54.

Buchholz, M and Lützkendorf, T (0) European building passports: developments, challenges and future roles. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 902–19.

Castán Broto, V, Westman, L and Huang, P (0) How hegemonic discourses of sustainability influence urban climate action. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 973–89.

Cole, R J (0) Transition to a regenerative future: a question of time. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 457–74.

Crawley, J, Wade, F and de Wilde, M (0) Gender and the heat pump transition. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 948–64.

Croffi, J, Kroll, D, Soebarto, V, Barrie, H and McDougall, K (0) Wellbeing fostered by design: a framework for evaluating indoor environment performance. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 507–23.

Cruz-Bello, G M, Galeana-Pizaña, J M and González-Arellano, S (2023) Urban growth in peri-urban, rural and urban areas: Mexico City. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 1–16.

Czekajlo, A, Alva, J, Szeto, J, Girling, C and Kellett, R (0) Impact of 2050 tree shading strategies on building cooling demands. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 817–37.

de Toldi, T and Pestre, T (0) The relevance of cut-stone to strategies for low-carbon buildings. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 229–57.

Dissart, J and Ricaurte, L (0) Assessing social value in housing design: contributions of the capability approach. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 867–82.

Duggan, G P, Bauleo, P, Authier, M, Aloise-young, P A, Care, J and Zimmerle, D (0) Electricity consumption in commercial buildings during Covid-19. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 851–66.

Ehrhardt, D, Behnisch, M, Jehling, M and Michaeli, M (0) Mapping soft densification: a geospatial approach for identifying residential infill potentials. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 193–211.

Evans, S, Godoy-Shimizu, D, Steadman, P, Amrith, S, Humphrey, D and Ruyssevelt, P (0) Getting to net zero: Islington’s social housing stock. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 524–44.

Eyre, N, Fawcett, T, Topouzi, M, Killip, G, Oreszczyn, T, Jenkinson, K and Rosenow, J (0) Fabric first: is it still the right approach?. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 965–72.

Gunawardena, K and Steemers, K (2023) Assessing the influence of neighbourhood-scale vertical greening application. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 103–23.

Henriksen, H M (0) From science to sales: changing representations of zero emission housing. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 594–611.

Hugo, J M (2023) Heat stress: adaptation measures in South African informal settlements. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 55–73.

Huuhka, S (0) Understanding demolition. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 927–37.

Huuhka, S, Moisio, M, Salmio, E, Köliö, A and Lahdensivu, J (0) Renovate or replace? Consequential replacement LCA framework for buildings. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 212–28.

Jonker-Hoffrén, P (0) Policy tensions in demolition: Dutch social housing and circularity. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 405–21.

Karvonen, A and Hargreaves, T (0) Data politics in the built environment. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 920–6.

Kretzschmar, D and Schiller, G (0) Non-domestic building stock: linking dynamics and spatial distributions. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 727–48.

Kuittinen, M (0) Building within planetary boundaries: moving construction to stewardship. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 565–74.

Legeby, A and Pech, C (0) Social values and social infrastructures: a multi-perspective approach to place. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 801–16.

Lu, Y, Girling, C, Martino, N, Kim, J, Kellett, R and Salter, J (2023) Climate action at the neighbourhood scale: Comparing municipal future scenarios. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 83–102.

Lundgren, R (0) Social life cycle assessment of adaptive reuse. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 334–51.

Malmqvist, T and Brismark, J (0) Embodied carbon savings of co-living and implications for metrics. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 386–404.

Mello Rose, F and Chang, J (0) Urban data: harnessing subjective sociocultural data from local newspapers. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 369–85.

Molina, G, Donn, M, Johnstone, M and MacGregor, C (0) The feeling of comfort in residential settings I: a qualitative model. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 422–40.

Molina, G, Donn, M, Johnstone, M and MacGregor, C (0) The feeling of comfort in residential settings II: a quantitative model. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 441–56.

Ness, D A (0) Technological efficiency limitations to climate mitigation: why sufficiency is necessary. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 139–57.

Pagani, A, Christie, D, Bourdon, V, Gago, C w, Joost, S, Licina, D, Lerch, M, Rozenblat, C, Guessous, I and Viganò, P (0) Housing, street and health: a new systemic research framework. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 629–49.

Parkinson, T, Schiavon, S, Kim, J and Betti, G (2023) Common sources of occupant dissatisfaction with workspace environments in 600 office buildings. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 17–35.

Pickett, S T A, Grove, J M, Boone, C G and Buckley, G L (0) Resilience of racialized segregation is an ecological factor: Baltimore case study. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 783–800.

Raiden, A and King, A (0) Added value and numerical measurement of social value: a critical enquiry. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 767–82.

Sailer, K, Thomas, M and Pachilova, R (0) The challenges of hybrid work: an architectural sociology perspective. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 650–68.

Samuel, F and Watson, K (0) Social value of the built environment. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 938–47.

Sareen, S, Smith, A, Gantioler, S, Balest, J, Brisbois, M C, Tomasi, S, Sovacool, B, Torres Contreras, G A, DellaValle, N and Haarstad, H (0) Social implications of energy infrastructure digitalisation and decarbonisation. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 612–28.

Selçuk Çıdık, M (0) Politics of social value in the built environment. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 475–87.

Serhiiuk, I and Kalakoski, I (0) Demolition or adaptation?: post-industrial buildings in Ukraine. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 352–68.

Sharma, N K, Hargreaves, T and Pallett, H (0) Social justice implications of smart urban technologies: an intersectional approach. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 315–33.

Simon, S and O’Brien, W (0) Pilot study to measure the energy and carbon impacts of teleworking. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 174–92.

Skoura, A and Madden, A (0) Assessing the social values of historic shopping arcades: building biographies. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 690–707.

Slater, K R and Robinson, J B (2023) Transformational climate actions by cities. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 74–82.

Taylor, J, Salmela, A, Täubel, M, Heimlander, A, Karvonen, A M, Pakkala, T, Lahdensivu, J and Pekkanen, J (0) Risk factors for moisture damage presence and severity in Finnish homes. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 708–26.

Tozer, L, Macrae, H and Smit, E (0) Achieving deep-energy retrofits for households in energy poverty. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 258–73.

Troje, D (0) Improving social value through facilities management: Swedish housing companies. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 749–66.

van den Berg, M, Hulsbeek, L and Voordijk, H (0) Decision-support for selecting demolition waste management strategies. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 883–901.

White, J and Larsson, S (0) Disruptive data: historicising the platformisation of Dublin’s taxi industry. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 838–50.

Zhang, Z and Lee, J D (0) Decision-making analysis for Pittsburgh’s deconstruction pilot using AHP and GIS. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 292–314.

Zimmermann, R K, Barjot, Z, Rasmussen, F N, Malmqvist, T, Kuittinen, M and Birgisdottir, H (0) GHG emissions from building renovation versus new-build: incentives from assessment methods. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 274–91.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: building assessment method; building regulation; demolition; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; life cycle assessment (LCA); policymaking; refurbishment; renovation;
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.325
  • Abstract:
    A variety of life cycle assessment (LCA) calculation methods and rules exist in European countries for building performance evaluation based on new-build. However, the increased focus on the retention and renovation of the existing building stock raises questions about the appropriateness of these the methods and rules when applied to renovation cases. Using a real renovation case, Danish, Finnish and Swedish LCA-based greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) assessments are assessed for how they position building renovation in relation to demolition and new-build reference values. The influence of these three different methods is examined for future development policies. Results show that upfront emissions for renovation are significantly lower for all approaches. The Swedish approach had the lowest GHG emissions compared with a scenario with demolition and new-build due to the method, which only includes upfront emissions of new materials. The Danish and Finnish renovation cases each performed worse in comparison with the new-build future emissions, specifically from operational energy use. Therefore, method development should consider incentives for upfront and future emissions. Furthermore, methods could account for the existing materials in the building, which are included in the Danish and Finnish approaches. This would provide incentive for renovation and reuse. Policy relevance Future policymaking needs to consider the influence of LCA methods on climate impact assessment of building renovations. The temporal differences occur when renovation is compared with demolition and new-build. Policy needs to take account of these temporal differences for apportioning GHG emissions between upfront and future emissions. A key question is whether existing materials should be included in the assessment as this would incentivise the reuse of these materials. Differences in accounting for the impacts of biogenic carbon in materials yields different results. This is a key issue in carbon accounting and will influence future practice.